Marathon des Sables - The Toughest Footrace on Earth
Each year, hundreds of elite and amateur runners from around the globe gather in the blazing expanse of the Moroccan Sahara to participate in one of the most legendary endurance events on the planet—the Marathon des Sables. Dubbed “The Toughest Footrace on Earth”, this ultramarathon spans more than 250 kilometers across the unrelenting heat, sand dunes, salt flats, and rocky plateaus of North Africa's most formidable desert.
For Morocco, the event is more than a physical contest—it's a symbol of human willpower, an economic booster, and a cultural spectacle that reflects the country's deep connection with its desert heritage.
Historical Background
The Marathon des Sables (MDS) was founded in 1986 by Frenchman Patrick Bauer, who had previously completed a solo crossing of the Sahara carrying all his supplies. Inspired by his experience, Bauer launched a multi-stage race to give others a similar opportunity for adventure, endurance, and self-sufficiency in one of the planet's most extreme environments.
What began with only 23 participants has now grown into a globally recognized ultramarathon, drawing over 1,000 runners annually. The MDS has attracted top athletes, celebrities, veterans, and adventurers alike and is widely covered by international media due to its compelling stories of human resilience and stunning desert backdrops.
The race is held in close collaboration with the Moroccan government, contributing to tourism development and economic vitality in southeastern Morocco.
Typical Activities
The MDS is a six-stage, seven-day self-sufficient footrace. Competitors carry their own food, sleeping gear, and supplies in rucksacks, while the organizers provide:
- Daily water rations
- Shared Berber tents for overnight shelter
- Medical and logistical support throughout the race
Stage distances vary from 30 km to over 80 km in a single day. The final stage often consists of a full marathon-length leg (42.2 km).
Other Signature Highlights:
- The Dune Day: A grueling stretch through the towering Erg Chebbi dunes.
- Night Stage: Held in some editions, with headlamps guiding runners through pitch-black desert trails.
- Solidarity Day: A rest or cultural outreach day focused on charity and engagement with local Saharan communities.
Traditional Customs
While the MDS is a modern endurance race, it remains deeply entwined with the customs of the Sahara's Berber and nomadic populations. Runners frequently encounter welcoming locals who may offer:
- Mint tea or homemade flatbread
- Words of encouragement in Tamazight or Arabic
Though no food is provided during the race (it is self-supported), post-race celebrations often feature:
- Traditional Moroccan cuisine: Tagines, couscous, dates, and mint tea
- Cultural performances: Drumming, dancing, and local music such as Gnawa or desert blues
Some competitors embrace local fashion, donning cheches (desert scarves) or turbans to blend functionality with tradition.
What to Expect
Whether you're planning to run or support, preparation is key. Here's what you need to know:
Best Time to Visit
- The event is held annually in April
- Daytime highs: Above 45°C (113°F)
- Nighttime lows: As cold as 5°C (41°F)
Location & Access
- Most travelers fly into Ouarzazate or Marrakech
- Transfers to the desert bivouac site are organized by MDS
Accommodation
- Before/after race: Hotels in Ouarzazate or nearby towns
- During race: Basic Berber tents with no luxury
Packing Essentials
- Sand gaiters and sun protection
- Dehydrated food and energy bars
- First-aid kit and salt tablets
- GPS tracker (provided), headlamp, and medical documents
Health & Safety
- Dedicated medical support team
- All runners are monitored via GPS
- Emergency evacuations available in case of injury or heat exhaustion
Tourism Options
Make the most of your journey by visiting:
- The golden dunes of Merzouga
- Ancient kasbahs
- Oases of the Draa Valley
Conclusion
The Marathon des Sables is more than a race—it's a profound, once-in-a-lifetime experience set in one of the world's most awe-inspiring landscapes. A true test of mental toughness, physical endurance, and cultural immersion, this race is a jewel of the African sporting calendar.
For the bold and the brave, the Marathon des Sables offers something unforgettable: a punishing yet beautiful journey that redefines the limits of human potential and celebrates the timeless magic of the Sahara.